Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: anatomy, chest trauma, pathophysiology, physiology, respiratory.
Inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (or exhalation) are dependent on the differences in pressure between the atmosphere and the lungs. In a gas, pressure is a force created by the movement of gas molecules that are confined. For example, a certain number of gas molecules in a two-liter container has more room than the same […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: anatomy, neurology, physiology, respiratory.
The relationship between gas pressure and volume helps to explain the mechanics of breathing. Boyle’s Law is the gas law which states that in a closed space, pressure and volume are inversely related. As volume decreases, pressure increases and vice versa. When discussing the detailed mechanics of breathing, it is important to keep this inverse […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: airway, anatomy, physiology, respiratory.
The Trachea The larynx, commonly called the voice box or glottis, is the passageway for air between the pharynx above and the trachea below. It extends from the fourth to the sixth vertebral levels. The larynx is often divided into three sections: sublarynx, larynx, and supralarynx. It is formed by nine cartilages that are connected […]
Published in AEMT. Tags: airway, anatomy, physiology.
All the processes that involve moving air into the body are protected by the structures, reflexes, and unconscious situational awareness in the body. These actions are similar to the way Air Defense Artillery protects a sensitive area. A 360 degree radar is scanning the area, looking for targets. With the speed of approaching aircraft and […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: anatomy, physiology, reproductive.
The organs of the female reproductive system produce and sustain the female sex cells (egg cells or ova), transport these cells to a site where they may be fertilized by sperm, provide a favorable environment for the developing fetus, move the fetus to the outside at the end of the development period, and produce the […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: anatomy, physiology, reproductive.
The male reproductive system, like that of the female, consists of those organs whose function is to produce a new individual, i.e., to accomplish reproduction. This system consists of a pair of testes and a network of excretory ducts (epididymis, ductus deferens (vas deferens), and ejaculatory ducts), seminal vesicles, the prostate, the bulbourethral glands, and […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: anatomy, physiology, reproductive.
The major function of the reproductive system is to ensure survival of the species. Other systems in the body, such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to maintain homeostasis for survival of the individual. An individual may live a long, healthy, and happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: anatomy, blood, physi, renal.
The principal function of the urinary system is to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits. One aspect of this function is to rid the body of waste products that accumulate as a result of cellular metabolism, and, because of this, it is sometimes referred to as the excretory system. Although […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: acid-base, anatomy, perfusion, physiology.
The measurement of pH, which is short for the potential of hydrogen ion concentration, is an important concept in chemistry that measures the acidity level of a solution. Since biological systems need a healthy balance between factors in which to operate, any changes to the pH level can disrupt living systems. pH measures the potential […]
Published in AEMT, EMT. Tags: anatomy, physiology, respiratory.
Peripheral Vascular Resistance Peripheral vascular resistance (systemic vascular resistance, SVR) is the resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure, the flow of blood and is also a component of cardiac function. When blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) this leads to an increase in SVR. When blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), this leads […]