Ectopic Pregnancy

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Ectopic pregnancy is a known complication of pregnancy that can carry a high rate of morbidity and mortality when not recognized and treated promptly.  It is essential that providers maintain a high index of suspicion for an ectopic in their pregnant patients as they may present with pain, vaginal bleeding, or more vague complaints such […]

Stages Of Labor

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Women will often self-present to obstetrical triage with concern for the onset of labor. Common chief complaints include painful contractions, vaginal bleeding/bloody show, and fluid leakage from the vagina. It is up to the clinician to determine if the patient is in labor, defined as regular, clinically significant contractions with an objective change in cervical […]

Complications of Pregnancy

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Complications of pregnancy include physical and mental conditions that affect the health of the pregnant or postpartum person, their baby, or both. Physical and mental conditions that can lead to complications may start before, during, or after pregnancy. It’s very important for anyone who may become pregnant to get health care before, during, and after […]

Abruptio Placenta

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Placental abruption is the early separation of a placenta from the lining of the uterus before completion of the second stage of labor. It is one of the causes of bleeding during the second half of pregnancy. Placental abruption is a relatively rare but serious complication of pregnancy and placed the well-being of both mother […]

Ecclampsia

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Eclampsia is a known complication of preeclampsia during pregnancy and is associated with morbidity and mortality of both the mother and fetus if not properly diagnosed. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are of the four categories associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.  The other three categories include chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. […]

Preeclampsia

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Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy-related to 2% to 8% of pregnancy-related complications worldwide. It results in 9% to 26% of maternal deaths in low-income countries and 16% in high-income countries. Preeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension. The parameters for initial identification of preeclampsia are specifically defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 […]

High Risk Pregnancy

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A high-risk pregnancy is one that threatens the health or life of the mother or her fetus. It often requires specialized care from specially trained providers. Some pregnancies become high risk as they progress, while some women are at increased risk for complications even before they get pregnant for a variety of reasons. Early and regular prenatal […]

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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Overall, about 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic, with SAH and Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) each accounting for 10%. Subarachnoid space is described as a space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. It consists of the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood vessels that supply different areas of the brain. A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is defined […]

Pediatric Trauma

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Anatomical, physiological, and psychological differences between children and adults have important implications for the initial assessment and management of pediatric trauma victims. Children have less fat, more elastic connective tissue, and a pliable skeleton protecting tightly packed abdominal and thoracic structures. The force of an impact is transmitted widely through a child’s body, resulting in […]

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtype of stroke, is a devastating condition whereby a hematoma is formed within the brain parenchyma with or without blood extension into the ventricles. Non-traumatic ICH comprises 10-15% of all strokes and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. ICH risk factors include chronic hypertension, amyloid angiopathy, anticoagulation (medication), and vascular […]

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