Tag: shock and resuscitation
- Pediatric Shock ()
The only way to defeat pediatric shock is to stay in front of it The mechanism of injury can provide useful clues to finding shock in pediatric patients before it is too late. If the patient lost any blood, possibly ruptured a hollow organ, or became dehydrated after being locked in a hot car for […]
- Hypovolemic Shock Treatment ()
Introduction At its most basic definition, the term “shock” means that there is a lack of adequate tissue oxygenation throughout the body. Typically, this lack of oxygenation is caused by either a lack of circulating blood volume, a decrease in cardiac function, a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, or some other means by which the […]
- Cardiogenic Shock ()
Cardiogenic shock is defined as a primary cardiac disorder that results in both clinical and biochemical evidence of tissue hypoperfusion. Clinical criteria include a systolic blood pressure of less than or equal to 90 mm Hg for greater than or equal to 30 minutes or support to maintain systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90 […]
- Distributive Shock ()
Distributive shock, also known as vasodilatory shock, is one of the four broad classifications of disorders that cause inadequate tissue perfusion. Systemic vasodilation leads to decreased blood flow to the brain, heart, and kidneys causing damage to vital organs. Distributive shock also leads to leakage of fluid from capillaries into the surrounding tissues, further complicating […]
- Hemorrhagic Shock ()
Introduction Shock refers to the inadequate perfusion of tissues due to the imbalance between the oxygen demand of tissues and the body’s ability to supply it. Classically, there are four categories of shock: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive shock. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is decreased intravascular volume to the point of cardiovascular compromise. The […]
- Neurogenic Shock ()
Introduction Neurogenic shock is a devastating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). It manifests as hypotension, bradyarrhythmia, and temperature dysregulation due to peripheral vasodilatation following an injury to the spinal cord. This occurs due to the sudden loss of sympathetic tone, with preserved parasympathetic function, leading to autonomic instability. Neurogenic shock is mostly associated with cervical and high thoracic […]
- Homeostasis ()
Introduction Homeostasis is a term that was first coined by physiologist Walter Cannon in 1926, clarifying the ‘milieu intérieur’ that fellow physiologist Claude Bernard had spoken of in 1865. ‘Homeo,’ Latinized from the Greek word ‘homio,’ means ‘similar to,’ and when combined with the Greek word ‘stasis,’ meaning ‘standing still’ gives us the term that […]
- Treating Shock ()
Hypovolemic Shock In hypovolemic shock, caused by bleeding, it is necessary to immediately control the bleeding (or fluid loss) and restore the patient’s circulating blood volume by giving infusions of isotonic crystalloid solutions (such as Normal Saline or Lactated Ringers). Blood transfusions are necessary for loss of large amounts of blood (e.g. greater than 20% […]
- The Joy Of Fick ()
Fick Principle+ Adolf Eugen Fick was a German physiologist. He earned his doctorate in medicine at Marburg. In 1855 he introduced Fick’s law of diffusion, which governs the diffusion of a gas across a fluid membrane. In 1870 he was the first to devise a technique for measuring cardiac output, called the Fick principle. The […]
- Blood Flow And Blood Pressure ()
Starling’s law states that the more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole (preload), the greater the volume of ejected blood will be during the resulting systolic contraction. This law give us great insight into the dynamics of blood pressure. Anything that will decrease preload will decrease stroke volume (amount of blood ejected during […]