{"id":4538,"date":"2023-07-04T06:12:57","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T06:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/?p=4538"},"modified":"2023-07-04T06:12:57","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T06:12:57","slug":"mumps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/?p=4538","title":{"rendered":"Mumps"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>What is Mumps?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus. The most common symptom is swelling of the cheeks and jaw due to inflammation of one or both of the saliva glands near the ear and back of the jaw (most commonly the parotid glands). This may be very painful. However, approximately 33% of the people with mumps may be asymptomatic, may not have detectable swelling, or may have respiratory symptoms only. Other symptoms of mumps include fever, headache, stiff neck and loss of appetite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Is mumps dangerous?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mumps&nbsp;is&nbsp;usually&nbsp;a&nbsp;mild&nbsp;disease,&nbsp;although&nbsp;facial&nbsp;swelling&nbsp;and&nbsp;related&nbsp;discomfort&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;pronounced.&nbsp;And&nbsp;there&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;worrisome&nbsp;complications.&nbsp;&nbsp;Three&nbsp;to&nbsp;ten&nbsp;percent&nbsp;of&nbsp;men&nbsp;with&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;develop&nbsp;swollen&nbsp;testicles&nbsp;(\u201corchitis\u201d).&nbsp;Approximately&nbsp;one&nbsp;percent&nbsp;of&nbsp;women&nbsp;may&nbsp;develop&nbsp;swollen&nbsp;ovaries&nbsp;(\u201coophoritis\u201d).&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;swelling&nbsp;in&nbsp;men&nbsp;and&nbsp;women&nbsp;can&nbsp;cause&nbsp;loss&nbsp;of&nbsp;fertility,&nbsp;although&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;rare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mumps&nbsp;sometimes&nbsp;causes&nbsp;problems&nbsp;in&nbsp;other&nbsp;organs,&nbsp;including&nbsp;the&nbsp;heart,&nbsp;pancreas,&nbsp;and&nbsp;joints,&nbsp;which&nbsp;can&nbsp;lead&nbsp;to&nbsp;permanent&nbsp;damage.&nbsp;The&nbsp;most&nbsp;serious&nbsp;problems&nbsp;caused&nbsp;by&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;are&nbsp;inflammation&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;thin&nbsp;membrane&nbsp;that&nbsp;covers&nbsp;the&nbsp;brain&nbsp;and&nbsp;spinal&nbsp;cord&nbsp;(meningitis)&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;inflammation&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;brain&nbsp;itself&nbsp;(encephalitis).&nbsp;&nbsp;Before&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;became&nbsp;available,&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;accounted&nbsp;for&nbsp;approximately&nbsp;ten&nbsp;percent&nbsp;of&nbsp;cases&nbsp;of&nbsp;symptomatic&nbsp;aseptic&nbsp;meningitis.&nbsp;&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;post-&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;era,&nbsp;among&nbsp;all&nbsp;persons&nbsp;infected&nbsp;with&nbsp;mumps, reported rates&nbsp;of&nbsp;meningitis,&nbsp;encephalitis,&nbsp;pancreatitis,&nbsp;and&nbsp;deafness&nbsp;have&nbsp;all&nbsp;been&nbsp;less&nbsp;than&nbsp;one&nbsp;percent.&nbsp;Mumps&nbsp;infection&nbsp;during&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;trimester&nbsp;of&nbsp;pregnancy&nbsp;may&nbsp;increase&nbsp;the&nbsp;risk&nbsp;of&nbsp;miscarriage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>How is mumps spread?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;virus&nbsp;that&nbsp;causes&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;is&nbsp;spread&nbsp;through&nbsp;saliva&nbsp;or&nbsp;mucus&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;mouth,&nbsp;nose,&nbsp;or&nbsp;throat&nbsp;by&nbsp;coughing,&nbsp;sneezing,&nbsp;or&nbsp;talking.&nbsp;&nbsp;Touching&nbsp;a&nbsp;tissue&nbsp;or&nbsp;sharing&nbsp;a&nbsp;cup&nbsp;used&nbsp;by&nbsp;someone&nbsp;with&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;can&nbsp;also&nbsp;spread&nbsp;the&nbsp;virus.&nbsp;People&nbsp;with&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;are&nbsp;usually&nbsp;contagious&nbsp;from&nbsp;2&nbsp;days&nbsp;before&nbsp;until&nbsp;5&nbsp;days&nbsp;after&nbsp;their&nbsp;glands&nbsp;start&nbsp;swelling.&nbsp;&nbsp;Symptoms&nbsp;most&nbsp;often&nbsp;appear&nbsp;2 &#8211; 3 weeks&nbsp;after&nbsp;a&nbsp;person&nbsp;is&nbsp;exposed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In&nbsp;recent&nbsp;years,&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;outbreaks&nbsp;have&nbsp;occurred&nbsp;in&nbsp;settings&nbsp;where&nbsp;close&nbsp;contact&nbsp;is&nbsp;repeated&nbsp;and&nbsp;prolonged,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;colleges&nbsp;and&nbsp;universities,&nbsp;dormitories,&nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;such&nbsp;crowded&nbsp;settings.&nbsp;Many&nbsp;cases&nbsp;have&nbsp;occurred&nbsp;among&nbsp;students&nbsp;who&nbsp;have&nbsp;received&nbsp;two&nbsp;doses&nbsp;of&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;vaccine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Who gets mumps?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Anyone&nbsp;who&nbsp;never&nbsp;had&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;and&nbsp;has&nbsp;never&nbsp;been&nbsp;vaccinated.<\/li><li>Infants&nbsp;younger&nbsp;than&nbsp;12&nbsp;months&nbsp;old,&nbsp;because&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;too&nbsp;young&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;vaccinated.<\/li><li>A&nbsp;small&nbsp;percentage&nbsp;of&nbsp;vaccinated&nbsp;children&nbsp;and&nbsp;adults&nbsp;who&nbsp;may&nbsp;not&nbsp;have&nbsp;responded&nbsp;well&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;vaccine.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;estimated&nbsp;that&nbsp;two&nbsp;doses&nbsp;of&nbsp;mumps-containing&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;protect&nbsp;approximately&nbsp;88%&nbsp;of&nbsp;those&nbsp;who&nbsp;receive&nbsp;it.&nbsp;This&nbsp;suggests&nbsp;that&nbsp;12%&nbsp;of&nbsp;those&nbsp;with&nbsp;two&nbsp;doses&nbsp;of&nbsp;MMR&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;susceptible&nbsp;to&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;infection.&nbsp;&nbsp;Protection&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;also&nbsp;appears&nbsp;to&nbsp;decrease&nbsp;over&nbsp;time.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>How is mumps diagnosed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mumps&nbsp;is&nbsp;often&nbsp;diagnosed&nbsp;by&nbsp;its&nbsp;symptoms,&nbsp;but&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;always&nbsp;reliable&nbsp;because&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;many&nbsp;causes&nbsp;of&nbsp;salivary&nbsp;gland&nbsp;swelling.&nbsp;A&nbsp;blood&nbsp;test&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;diagnose&nbsp;mumps,&nbsp;but&nbsp;this&nbsp;test&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;always&nbsp;definitive.&nbsp;&nbsp;Sometimes&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;blood&nbsp;tests&nbsp;taken&nbsp;over&nbsp;time&nbsp;are&nbsp;needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;diagnose&nbsp;mumps.&nbsp;A&nbsp;swab&nbsp;taken&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;inside&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;cheek&nbsp;may&nbsp;also&nbsp;help&nbsp;diagnose&nbsp;the&nbsp;disease,&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;preferred&nbsp;diagnostic&nbsp;test&nbsp;(called&nbsp;a&nbsp;\u201cPCR\u201d).&nbsp;The&nbsp;swab&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;collected&nbsp;as&nbsp;soon&nbsp;after&nbsp;onset&nbsp;of&nbsp;swelling&nbsp;as&nbsp;possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>How can you prevent mumps?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Mumps&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;is&nbsp;usually&nbsp;given&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;shot&nbsp;called&nbsp;MMR,&nbsp;which&nbsp;protects&nbsp;against&nbsp;measles,&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;and&nbsp;rubella.&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;now&nbsp;many&nbsp;fewer&nbsp;cases&nbsp;of&nbsp;these&nbsp;three&nbsp;diseases&nbsp;because&nbsp;children&nbsp;get&nbsp;the&nbsp;MMR&nbsp;vaccine.&nbsp;Protect&nbsp;your&nbsp;children&nbsp;by&nbsp;having&nbsp;them&nbsp;vaccinated&nbsp;when&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;12&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;15&nbsp;months&nbsp;old,&nbsp;and&nbsp;again&nbsp;when&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;about&nbsp;to&nbsp;enter&nbsp;kindergarten.<\/li><li>State&nbsp;regulations&nbsp;require&nbsp;certain&nbsp;groups&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;vaccinated&nbsp;against&nbsp;mumps.&nbsp;Children&nbsp;in&nbsp;child&nbsp;care&nbsp;and&nbsp;preschool&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;have&nbsp;one&nbsp;dose&nbsp;of&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;vaccine,&nbsp;and&nbsp;staff&nbsp;should&nbsp;have&nbsp;two&nbsp;doses&nbsp;of&nbsp;MMR.&nbsp;Students&nbsp;in&nbsp;grades&nbsp;K \u2013&nbsp;12&nbsp;and&nbsp;in&nbsp;college&nbsp;need&nbsp;two&nbsp;doses&nbsp;of&nbsp;MMR&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;for&nbsp;school&nbsp;entry.&nbsp;A&nbsp;blood&nbsp;test&nbsp;that&nbsp;provides&nbsp;presumptive&nbsp;evidence&nbsp;of&nbsp;immunity&nbsp;can&nbsp;also&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;fulfill&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement&nbsp;for&nbsp;all&nbsp;groups.<\/li><li>Adults&nbsp;born&nbsp;in&nbsp;or&nbsp;after&nbsp;1957&nbsp;should&nbsp;have&nbsp;at&nbsp;least&nbsp;1&nbsp;dose&nbsp;of&nbsp;MMR.&nbsp;Those&nbsp;born&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;US&nbsp;prior&nbsp;to&nbsp;1957&nbsp;are&nbsp;assumed&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;immune&nbsp;to&nbsp;mumps.<\/li><li>People&nbsp;in&nbsp;high&nbsp;risk&nbsp;groups&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;health&nbsp;care&nbsp;workers&nbsp;(paid,&nbsp;unpaid&nbsp;and&nbsp;volunteer),&nbsp;health&nbsp;science&nbsp;students&nbsp;and&nbsp;international&nbsp;travelers&nbsp;should&nbsp;have&nbsp;2&nbsp;doses&nbsp;of&nbsp;MMR,<br>regardless&nbsp;of&nbsp;year&nbsp;of&nbsp;birth.<\/li><li>People&nbsp;with&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;kept&nbsp;away&nbsp;from&nbsp;other&nbsp;people&nbsp;until&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;well&nbsp;again.&nbsp;State&nbsp;regulations&nbsp;require&nbsp;anyone&nbsp;who&nbsp;develops&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;isolated&nbsp;for&nbsp;5&nbsp;days&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;onset&nbsp;of&nbsp;gland&nbsp;swelling.&nbsp;That&nbsp;means&nbsp;they&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;kept&nbsp;away&nbsp;from&nbsp;public&nbsp;places&nbsp;like&nbsp;day&nbsp;care&nbsp;centers,&nbsp;grocery&nbsp;stores,&nbsp;school&nbsp;and&nbsp;work.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Is MMR vaccine safe?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;safe&nbsp;for&nbsp;most&nbsp;people.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;a&nbsp;vaccine,&nbsp;like&nbsp;other&nbsp;medicines,&nbsp;can&nbsp;cause&nbsp;side&nbsp;effects&nbsp;in&nbsp;some&nbsp;people.&nbsp;The&nbsp;MMR&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;can&nbsp;cause fever,&nbsp;mild&nbsp;rash,&nbsp;temporary&nbsp;pain&nbsp;or&nbsp;stiffness&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;joints.&nbsp;More&nbsp;severe&nbsp;problems,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;seizures,&nbsp;bleeding&nbsp;problems&nbsp;or&nbsp;allergic&nbsp;reactions&nbsp;are&nbsp;very&nbsp;rare.&nbsp;Getting&nbsp;MMR&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;is&nbsp;much&nbsp;safer&nbsp;than&nbsp;getting&nbsp;mumps,&nbsp;and&nbsp;most&nbsp;people&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;have&nbsp;any&nbsp;problems&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;vaccine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Who should not get MMR vaccine?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>People&nbsp;who&nbsp;have&nbsp;had&nbsp;a&nbsp;life-threatening&nbsp;allergic&nbsp;reaction&nbsp;to&nbsp;gelatin,&nbsp;the&nbsp;drug&nbsp;neomycin,&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;previous&nbsp;dose&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;vaccine.<\/li><li>Pregnant&nbsp;women&nbsp;should&nbsp;not&nbsp;get&nbsp;MMR&nbsp;vaccine.&nbsp;Pregnant&nbsp;women&nbsp;who&nbsp;need&nbsp;the&nbsp;vaccine&nbsp;should&nbsp;wait&nbsp;until&nbsp;after&nbsp;giving&nbsp;birth.&nbsp;Women&nbsp;should&nbsp;avoid&nbsp;getting&nbsp;pregnant&nbsp;for&nbsp;4 weeks&nbsp;after&nbsp;vaccination&nbsp;with&nbsp;MMR&nbsp;vaccine.<\/li><li>People&nbsp;with&nbsp;cancer,&nbsp;HIV,&nbsp;or&nbsp;other&nbsp;problems&nbsp;or&nbsp;treatments&nbsp;that&nbsp;weaken&nbsp;the&nbsp;immune&nbsp;system&nbsp;should&nbsp;check&nbsp;with&nbsp;their&nbsp;doctor&nbsp;or&nbsp;nurse&nbsp;before&nbsp;getting&nbsp;vaccinated.<\/li><li>People&nbsp;who&nbsp;have&nbsp;recently&nbsp;had&nbsp;a&nbsp;transfusion&nbsp;or&nbsp;were&nbsp;given&nbsp;other&nbsp;blood&nbsp;products&nbsp;should&nbsp;check&nbsp;with&nbsp;their&nbsp;doctor&nbsp;or&nbsp;nurse&nbsp;before&nbsp;getting&nbsp;vaccinated.<\/li><li>People&nbsp;with&nbsp;high&nbsp;fevers&nbsp;should&nbsp;not&nbsp;be&nbsp;vaccinated&nbsp;until&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;fever&nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;symptoms&nbsp;are&nbsp;gone.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Should healthcare workers be extra careful about mumps?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes.&nbsp;Healthcare&nbsp;workers&nbsp;who&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;immune&nbsp;to&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;can&nbsp;become&nbsp;infected&nbsp;and&nbsp;spread&nbsp;the&nbsp;virus&nbsp;to&nbsp;their&nbsp;coworkers&nbsp;and&nbsp;patients.&nbsp;That&nbsp;is&nbsp;why&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;required&nbsp;that&nbsp;all&nbsp;health&nbsp;care&nbsp;workers&nbsp;who&nbsp;are&nbsp;exposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;and&nbsp;have&nbsp;no&nbsp;record&nbsp;of&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;vaccination&nbsp;or&nbsp;whose&nbsp;blood&nbsp;tests&nbsp;show&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;immune&nbsp;stay&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;work&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;12th&nbsp;day&nbsp;through&nbsp;the&nbsp;25th&nbsp;day&nbsp;after&nbsp;being&nbsp;exposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;disease.&nbsp;Healthcare&nbsp;workers&nbsp;should&nbsp;have&nbsp;presumptive&nbsp;evidence&nbsp;of&nbsp;immunity&nbsp;to&nbsp;mumps,&nbsp;either&nbsp;through&nbsp;vaccination&nbsp;or&nbsp;blood&nbsp;test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even&nbsp;healthcare&nbsp;workers&nbsp;with&nbsp;presumptive&nbsp;evidence&nbsp;of&nbsp;immunity&nbsp;to&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;who&nbsp;are&nbsp;exposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;confirmed&nbsp;cases&nbsp;of&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;should&nbsp;watch&nbsp;for&nbsp;symptoms&nbsp;for&nbsp;25&nbsp;days&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;exposure.&nbsp;Some&nbsp;vaccinated&nbsp;healthcare&nbsp;workers&nbsp;have&nbsp;developed&nbsp;mumps&nbsp;after&nbsp;exposure&nbsp;to&nbsp;patients&nbsp;with&nbsp;mumps.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Mumps? Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus. The most common symptom is swelling of the cheeks and jaw due to inflammation of one or both of the saliva glands near the ear and back of the jaw (most commonly the parotid glands). This may be very painful. However, approximately 33% [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4538"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4539,"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4538\/revisions\/4539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.georgiaemsacademy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}